By the end of the war US factories had produced 300,000 planes, and by 1944 had produced two-thirds of the Allied military equipment used in the war - bringing military forces into play in North and South America, the Caribbean, the Atlantic, Western Europe and the Pacific. Adolf Hitler was told by his advisors that this was American propaganda in 1939, annual aircraft production for the US military was less than 3,000 planes. Roosevelt called for the production of 185,000 aeroplanes, 120,000 tanks, 55,000 anti-aircraft guns and 18 million tons of merchant shipping in two years. At the beginning of the war, the British and French placed large orders for aircraft with American manufacturers and the US Congress approved plans to increase its air forces by 3,000 planes. The US produced more than its own military forces required and armed itself and its allies for the most industrialized war in history. The entry of the United States into the war in late 1941 injected financial, human and industrial resources into Allied operations. This allowed their later allies (such as the United States) to mobilise their economies and develop the military forces required to play a role in the war effort, and for the British to go on the offensive in its theatres of operation. The British held back or slowed the Axis powers for three years while mobilising their globally integrated economy and industrial infrastructure to build what became, by 1942, the most extensive military apparatus of the war. Britain also established governments in exile in London to rally support in occupied Europe for the Allied effort.
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The Empire funded and delivered needed supplies by Arctic convoys to the USSR, and supported Free French forces to recapture French Equatorial Africa. Following engagements with Axis forces, British Empire troops occupied Libya, Italian Somaliland, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iran and Iraq. British forces destroyed Italian armies in North and East Africa and occupied overseas colonies of occupied European nations. They fought the German, Italian, Japanese and Vichy armies, air forces and navies across Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle East, India, the Mediterranean and in the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific and Arctic Oceans. From 1938 to mid-1942, the British coordinated the Allied effort in all global theatres. In 1938 Britain was a global superpower, with political and economic control of a quarter of the world's population, industry and resources, in addition to its close allies in the independent Dominion nations (such as Canada and South Africa).
Germany's military production was tied to resources outside its area of control, a dynamic not found amongst the Allies. Political demands necessitated the expansion of Germany's control of natural and human resources, industrial capacity and farmland beyond its borders. However, access to (and control of) the resources and production capacity required to entertain long-term goals (such as European control, German territorial expansion and the destruction of the USSR) were limited. Germany's economic, scientific, research, and industrial capabilities were one of the most technically advanced in the world at the time, supporting a rapidly growing, innovative military.
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